A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon e indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. These grades are described as follows: 1. It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.
NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such as Low Sulfur as previously because the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise.
S grades correspond to the so-called regular sulfur grades, the previous No. S grades correspond to the previous Low Sulfur grades. NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Referenced Documents 2. Current edition approved May 1, Published June Originally approved in Last previous edition approved in as D Terminology 3. These are Grades No. The seventh grade, No.
Thus, Grade No. Test Methods 4. For all grades, Test Method D may be used as an alternate with the same limits. For Grades No. This test method will give slightly lower values. In cases of dispute, Test Methods D 93 shall be used as the referee method. Test Method D 56 can not be used as the alternate method for Grade No.
For all fuel grades in Table 1, the automatic Test Methods D , D , or D can be used as alternates with the same limits. In case of dispute, Test Method D shall be the referee method. Test Method D is used for Grade No. To meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements may be agreed upon between purchaser, seller, and manufacturer.
The test methods indicated are the approved referee methods. Other acceptable methods are indicated in 4. Under United States regulations, if Grades No. At or beyond terminal storage tanks, they are required by 26 CFR Part 48 to contain the dye Solvent Red at a concentration spectrally equivalent to 3.
E When a cloud point less than 12C is specified, as can occur during cold months, it is permitted and normal blending practice to combine Grades No. In that case, the minimum flash point shall be 38C, the minimum viscosity at 40C shall be 1. F Other sulfur limits can apply in selected areas in the United States and in other countries. I Low ambient temperatures as well as engine operation at high altitudes may require the use of fuels with higher cetane ratings.
J It is unrealistic to specify low temperature properties that will ensure satisfactory operation at all ambient conditions. However, satisfactory operation below the cloud point or wax appearance point may be achieved depending on equipment design, operating conditions, and the use of flow-improver additives as described in X4. Appropriate low temperature operability properties should be agreed upon between the fuel supplier and purchaser for the intended use and expected ambient temperatures.
Test Methods D and D may be especially useful to estimate vehicle low temperature operability limits when flow improvers are used. Due to fuel delivery system, engine design, and test method differences, low temperature operability tests may not provide the same degree of protection in various vehicle operating classes. Tenth percentile minimum air temperatures for U. The tenth percentile minimum air temperatures may be used to estimate expected regional target temperatures for use with Test Methods D , D , and D Refer to X4.
S15, No. Grade No. For all grades, Test Method D can be used as an alternate with the limits listed in. Table 1. In case of dispute, Test Method D 86 shall be the referee method. D 04a 4. Grades No. This test method provides an indication of the aromatics content of fuels. For fuels with a maximum final boiling point of C, this method is a measurement of the aromatic content of the fuel.
This test method is used for fuel Grades No. Workmanship 5. Requirements 6. The units used in Table 1 for the sulfur requirements are the units in which results for the referee test are reported. Distillate fuel oils, for example, may be produced within the boiling range of and C having many possible combinations of various properties, such as volatility, ignition quality, viscosity, and other characteristics.
These grades and their general applicability for use in diesel engines are broadly indicated as follows: X1. Fuels within this grade are applicable for use in 1 high-speed diesel engines and diesel engine applications that require ultra-low sulfur fuels, 2 applications necessitating frequent and relatively wide variations in loads and speeds, and 3 applications where abnormally low operating temperatures are encountered. Fuels within this grade are. Limiting values of significant properties are prescribed for 4.
D 04a speed and load variations, and on starting and atmospheric conditions. Increase in cetane number over values actually required does not materially improve engine performance. Accordingly, the cetane number specified should be as low as possible to assure maximum fuel availability. Fuels within this grade are applicable for use in high-speed diesel engines applications necessitating frequent and relatively wide variations in loads and speeds, and also for use in cases where abnormally low operating temperatures are encountered.
These fuels are applicable for use in 1 high speed diesel engines and diesel engine applications that require ultra-low sulfur fuels, 2 applications necessitating relatively high loads and uniform speeds, or 3 diesel engines not requiring fuels having higher volatility or other properties specified in Grade No. These fuels are applicable for use in 1 high-speed diesel engine applications that require low sulfur fuels, 2 applications necessitating relatively high loads and uniform speeds, or 3 diesel engines not requiring fuels having higher volatility or other properties specified for Grade No.
These fuels are applicable for use in 1 high-speed diesel engines in applications necessitating relatively high loads and uniform speeds, or 2 in diesel engines not requiring fuels having higher volatility or other properties specified for Grade No. Fuels within this grade are applicable for use in low- and medium-speed diesel engines in applications necessitating sustained loads at substantially constant speed. For engines in services involving rapidly fluctuating loads and speeds as in bus and truck operation, the more volatile fuels may provide best performance, particularly with respect to smoke and odor.
However, best fuel economy is generally obtained from the heavier types of fuels because of their higher heat content. Maximum viscosity, on the other hand, is limited by considerations involved in engine design and size, and the characteristics of the injection system. While not directly correlating with engine deposits, this property is considered an approximation.
Fuel sulfur can affect emission control systems performance. To assure maximum availability of fuels, the permissible sulfur content should be specified as high as is practicable, consistent with maintenance considerations. It is, however, of importance in connection with legal requirements and safety precautions involved in fuel handling and storage, and is normally specified to meet insurance and fire regulations.
Some of these factors can influence the required fuel properties outlined as follows:. Abrasive solids contribute to injector, fuel pump, piston and ring wear, and also to engine deposits.
Refer to Appendix X2 for recommendations. The recommended procedures or practices provide techniques useful in the proper sampling or handling of diesel fuels.
Requirements The grades of diesel fuels herein specified shall be hydrocarbon oils, except as provided in 7. Do you think this document is helpful to you? This means that diesel importers are required to use a specific volume of biodiesel based on a percentage of its petroleum product sales. Some economists are weary of the high costs of biodiesel. In fact, due to government policies aimed at finding alternatives to fossil fuels, biodiesel prices grew from 35 cents per pound to around 1 dollar per pound between The emerging version of the fuel, known as renewable diesel, can be made in large refineries and is not limited by the cold weather, unlike the earlier version of biodiesel.
With this, the production capacity for renewable diesel is projected to grow to around 5 billion gallons by While the usage of biodiesel directly emits less greenhouse gases, many environmentalists are concerned that its growing consumption might contribute to greenhouse gas releases resulting from land clearing for new soybean fields. It covers additional information in its annexes.
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